Building strong bones is essential for a child’s overall health and growth. During childhood, the bones grow and develop rapidly, forming the basis for a strong skeletal system. In this blog, we’ll look at the key elements that help build strong bones in children, such as nutrition, physical activity, and lifestyle habits. Understanding and incorporating these elements can help parents actively support optimal bone health for their children, setting them up for a healthy and active future.

 

Vitamins and Minerals necessary for strong bones in kids

Ensuring your child’s diet is rich in essential vitamins is crucial for building strong and healthy bones. Key vitamins and minerals essential for strong bones include:

Calcium:  Calcium is a fundamental mineral for bone development and maintenance. It is integral to bone structure and strength. Dairy products such as milk, yogurt, and cheese should be included in the diet of your child. Additionally, fortified plant-based alternatives such as almond milk or soy milk can be an excellent source of calcium.

Vitamin D: Vitamin D facilitates the absorption of calcium and plays an essential role in the formation of bone mineralization. Natural sunlight exposure should be encouraged through outdoor activities. Foods such as fatty fish and egg yolks as well as fortified cereals help to increase vitamin D intake.

Vitamin K: Vitamin K plays a significant role in the maintenance of bone health, as it regulates calcium levels and encourages the mineralization of bone. Spinach and egg yolk are sources of vitamin K, which can be incorporated into a variety of dishes, such as salads, curries, and pasta sauces.

Phosphorus: Phosphorus, in synergy with calcium, forms the mineral structure of bones and teeth. To ensure your child’s phosphorus intake is sufficient, include lean foods such as meat, poultry, and fish, as well as dairy products and whole grains.

Magnesium: Magnesium plays a critical role in the formation of bone tissue and is essential for bone growth. Consuming magnesium-rich foods such as nuts, seeds, and whole grains, as well as green, leafy vegetables such as spinach and broccoli, can help to replenish magnesium levels in the body. Snack options can include a mix of nuts and seeds.

Vitamin C: Vitamin C plays an important role in the production of collagen, which is a protein necessary for the maintenance of bone structure. You can add vitamin C-rich foods such as oranges, strawberries, kiwi, etc. to your kid’s meals or snacks.

Vitamin A: Vitamin A promotes the growth of bone cells by promoting the activity of osteoblasts. Vegetables such as sweet potatoes, carrots, and leafy greens should be included in your child’s diet.

Zinc: Zinc contributes to bone mineralization and supports the function of bone-building cells. Foods such as lean meats, nuts, seeds, and dairy products are good sources of zinc. Consider incorporating zinc-rich options into your child’s meals and snacks.

By including these vitamins in a balanced and diverse diet, parents are able to actively support the growth and development of robust and durable bones in children.

 

Practical tips for parents to incorporate essential nutrients into their kid’s diet

Variety is key: Aim for a diverse and colourful diet to make sure your kids are getting a wide variety of vitamins and minerals.

Creative cooking: Experiment with recipes to make nutrient-rich foods appealing to your child. Incorporate vegetables into curries and sauces, make smoothies with fruits, or create fun, bite-sized snacks.

Meal planning: When planning meals, make sure to include a variety of food groups to ensure your child is getting all the nutrients they need for bone health.

Lead by example: Kids imitate their parents, so showing them how to eat healthy, promotes a positive attitude toward eating healthy foods.

 

Ways to develop healthy bones in kids

Nutrient-rich diet: It is important to ensure that your child is getting adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D which are necessary for bone health. Dairy products, green leafy vegetables, nuts, and fortified foods should be included in their diet.

Regular exercise: It is necessary to encourage weight-bearing activities such as running, jumping, and sports as they increase bone density and strength.

Sunlight exposure: Exposure to sunlight stimulates the production of vitamin D in the skin. Encourage your child to take part in outdoor activities to promote bone health.

Limit soda and caffeine intake: Consumption of soda and caffeine may impede the absorption of calcium. Encourage kids to drink water or milk.

Healthy snacking: Provide nutrient-rich snacks such as cheese, yogurt, and fruits to ensure a balanced intake of calcium and other key vitamins.

Additional supplements: Consult with a healthcare provider to determine whether your child requires calcium or vitamin D supplements, particularly if there is a deficiency in their diet.

Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight gain can put strain on developing bones. Support a healthy weight with a balanced diet and regular exercise.

Limit screen time: Excessive screen time can lead to an inactive lifestyle. Encourage breaks for physical activity to promote bone strength.

Adequate sleep: Make sure your child is getting a good night’s sleep. Sleep is essential for your child’s health and growth, including the health of their bones.

Regular check-ups: To keep track of your child’s growth and development, make sure to schedule regular pediatric appointments, including bone health assessment.

It is essential to tailor these recommendations to your child’s age and individual needs. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice regarding your child’s bone health.

 

In conclusion, building strong bones in children requires a balanced approach. Nutrient-rich diets, physical activity, exposure to sunlight, and healthy lifestyle choices form the foundation. By prioritizing these elements, parents can contribute significantly to their child’s optimal bone health, ensuring a robust and active future.

KM NU Hospitals is renowned for its exceptional Pediatric and Neonatology care. With a commitment to excellence, they provide comprehensive medical services for children, ensuring their well-being. The hospital combines state-of-the-art facilities with a dedicated team of specialists, offering compassionate and expert care for pediatric and neonatal health challenges.

 

References:

1.  3 Ways to Build Strong Bones. NEMOURS KidsHealth. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/strong-bones.html#.

2.  Parents’ Guide to Building Better Bones. Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. https://www.pcrm.org/good-nutrition/nutrition-information/health-concerns-about-dairy/parents-guide-to-building-better-bones.

3.  Kids and Their Bones. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/kids-and-their-bones.

 4.  Minerals for Bone Health. AMERICAN BONE HEALTH. https://americanbonehealth.org/nutrition/minerals-for-bone-health/.

Author: Dr. Palanirajan P

 

 

Normal delivery, also known as vaginal delivery, holds profound significance in maternal and neonatal health. It is a natural and evolutionary process that promotes optimal physiological adaptation for both the mother and baby. Beyond its physical benefits, normal delivery brings early bonding, facilitates breastfeeding initiation, and reduces the risk of respiratory complications in newborns. Emotionally empowering, normal delivery enhances the mother’s confidence and contributes to a positive birthing experience. Additionally, normal delivery aligns with the principles of patient-centered care, respecting the natural course of childbirth. Embracing this approach minimizes medical interventions, ensuring a smoother transition into motherhood while prioritizing the well-being of both the mother and baby.

 

Measures to enhance the chances of Normal Delivery

Achieving a successful, normal delivery is a common goal for expectant mothers due to its numerous health benefits. While certain factors are beyond control, there are various measures women can take to enhance their chances of having a normal delivery. These include:

Healthy lifestyle choices: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential. Adequate nutrition, regular exercise, and sufficient hydration contribute to overall well-being. A balanced diet, rich in essential nutrients supports the mother’s health and foetal development. Regular physical activity, under supervision, helps in maintaining optimal weight and promoting stamina for labour. Staying hydrated ensures optimal amniotic fluid levels, while adequate rest supports overall mind-body wellness.

Get adequate sleep: Adequate sleep during pregnancy is crucial for normal delivery. Quality rest supports overall health, reduces stress, and promotes hormonal balance. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep, maintain a comfortable sleep environment, and establish a consistent bedtime routine to enhance your health and increase the likelihood of a smooth delivery.

Prenatal education and counselling: Prenatal education provides expectant mothers with valuable information about the birthing process, positioning, and breathing techniques. Understanding the stages of labour and potential challenges equips them with the knowledge to take informed decisions. Counselling sessions also address any fears or anxieties, encouraging a positive mindset.

Emotional wellness: Emotional support during pregnancy and labour is vital. Reducing stress and maintaining emotional well-being positively impact the birthing process. Having a supportive partner or family member can alleviate stress and create a conducive environment for normal delivery. Continuous support during labour has been linked to shorter labour durations and reduced likelihood of interventions.

Choose the right healthcare provider: Selecting a healthcare provider with experience and a supportive approach to natural childbirth is crucial. Discuss birthing preferences and establish open communication to ensure that both the mother and the healthcare provider are aligned in their approach towards achieving a normal delivery.

Optimal foetal positioning: The baby’s position in the womb plays a significant role in the ease of labour. Encouraging optimal foetal positioning through exercises and maintaining good posture can enhance the chances of a normal delivery. Techniques such as pelvic tilts and sitting on a birthing ball can encourage the baby to assume a head-down position.

Mind-body practices: Incorporating mind-body practices such as yoga and meditation can be beneficial. These practices promote relaxation, reduce stress, and enhance mental resilience, which is essential during labour. Breathing exercises, in particular, can aid in managing pain and maintaining composure.

Labour induction alternatives:  Avoiding unnecessary induction is crucial for promoting normal delivery. Natural methods such as acupressure, nipple stimulation, and walking can be explored before considering medical interventions. It is essential to discuss the potential risks and benefits with the healthcare provider.

Labouring in upright positions: During labour adopting upright positions such as walking, swaying, or using a birthing ball can facilitate the descent of the baby through the birth canal. These positions utilize gravity, potentially reducing the duration of labour and the need for interventions.

Water birth: Consideration of water birth is an option that some mothers find beneficial. Immersing in warm water during labour is believed to ease pain and promote relaxation. However, this should be discussed thoroughly with the healthcare provider, keeping in mind individual health conditions.

Delayed cord clamping: Advocating delayed cord clamping allows the baby to receive additional blood and nutrients from the placenta, potentially reducing the risk of anaemia and enhancing overall health. This practice aligns with the principles of natural childbirth and can be discussed with the healthcare team.

Perineal massage: Perineal massage in the weeks leading up to labour may help in preparing the perineum for childbirth, reducing the risk of tearing. Proper technique and guidance from healthcare providers can ensure its effectiveness.

Avoiding unnecessary interventions: Minimizing unnecessary medical interventions, such as continuous monitoring or routine interventions like episiotomy, can enhance the chances of normal delivery. Collaborating with the healthcare team to assess the necessity of interventions based on individual circumstances is essential.

Stay active during labour: Changing positions and staying active during labour can facilitate the descent of the baby through the birth canal and also increase your stamina and physical endurance to undergo labour with ease.

 

To conclude, enhancing the chances of a normal delivery involves a holistic approach encompassing lifestyle choices, education, support, and collaboration with healthcare providers. While every birth experience is unique, these measures aim to create an environment that prioritizes the well-being of both the mother and baby. It is essential to stay informed, make informed choices, and collaborate closely with your healthcare provider throughout your pregnancy journey.

KM NU Hospitals in Ambur, India, stands as a premier destination for normal delivery and comprehensive maternal care. Renowned for its state-of-the-art facilities and expert medical staff, KM NU Hospitals prioritizes the well-being of both the mother and baby. With a commitment to excellence, it has become a trusted choice for expectant mothers seeking a supportive environment and quality healthcare during the pivotal journey of childbirth.

Author: Dr. Gracy Sunny Kindo 

 

References:

1.  Vaginal Delivery. Cleveland Clinic.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/23097-vaginal-delivery.

2.  Natural Childbirth. Kids Health.

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/natural-childbirth.html.

3.  Vaginal Delivery. National Library of Medicine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559197/.

 

Hip replacement surgery is a transformative procedure for individuals suffering from hip pain and limited mobility. Caring after hip replacement surgery is crucial for a successful recovery and better quality of life. Proper care involves pain management, physical therapy, wound care, and lifestyle adjustments. These measures are essential for ensuring a successful and long-lasting outcome, allowing patients to regain their mobility, reduce pain, and ultimately return to an active and fulfilling life. In this article, we will emphasize the care tips after hip replacement surgery to ensure a smooth and safe healing process.

Preparation Before Surgery

Medical Consultation: Schedule a thorough consultation with your orthopaedic surgeon to discuss the procedure, address any questions or concerns, and ensure if you’re a suitable candidate for hip replacement.

Home Modifications: Make necessary adjustments in your home environment to enhance post-surgery accessibility. Remove tripping hazards, install handrails, and ensure commonly used items are within easy reach.

Support System: Arrange for a support system of friends or family members to assist you during the initial stages of recovery, including transportation to and from the hospital.

Medications: Review your current medications with your healthcare provider and adjust or discontinue any that may interfere with the surgery or recovery process.

Diet and Exercise: Focus on a balanced diet and maintain a healthy exercise routine, as advised by your surgeon, to optimize your physical condition before the surgery.

Pre-Surgery Education: Attend any pre-surgery education sessions or classes offered by the hospital to familiarize yourself with the procedure and post-surgery expectations.

Post-Surgery Care

Pain Management: You will experience pain and discomfort after the surgery. Follow your doctor’s pain management plan, which may include prescribed medications. Do not wait until the pain becomes severe to take your medication.

Physical Therapy: It is an important step in the recovery process. Start with gentle exercises and stretches to improve mobility and strength. Your physical therapist will guide you through the appropriate exercises.

Walking Aids: Utilize walking aids such as crutches, a walker, or a cane as recommended by your healthcare provider to support mobility.

Wound Care: Keep the surgical area clean and dry and follow your doctor’s instructions for wound care to avoid infection.

Blood Clot Prevention: Your doctor may prescribe blood-thinning medication or compression stockings to reduce the risk of blood clots. Regular ankle pump exercises can also help.

Home Safety: Continue to maintain a safe and clutter-free home environment. Avoid slippery floors and uneven surfaces.

Follow Dietary Guidelines: Eating a balanced diet rich in nutrients can aid in healing. Ensure you have proper nutrition to support your recovery.

Medication Management: Keep track of your medications and adhere to the prescribed schedule.

Avoid High-Risk Activities: Stay away from activities that might put excessive strain on your hip, such as lifting heavy objects or strenuous exercises.

Monitor for Infection: Keep an eye out for signs of infection around the incision site, such as increased redness, swelling, or discharge. Consult your surgeon if you notice any concerning changes at the site of incision.

 

Long-Term Care

Follow-Up Appointments: Make sure that you attend all planned follow-up visits with your surgeon to track your progress.

Physical Activity: Gradually reintroduce physical activity as advised by your healthcare team. Low-impact exercises such as swimming and stationary biking can help maintain your joint’s flexibility and strength.

Lifestyle Modifications: Consider making suitable adjustments in your lifestyle, such as maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress on your hip joint.

Pain Management: Even after the initial recovery period, you may experience occasional pain or discomfort. Discuss pain management options with your doctor, which might include physical therapy, over-the-counter pain relievers, or injections.

Hip Precautions: Be mindful of hip precautions, such as avoiding excessive hip flexion, internal rotation, and crossing your legs, which could strain the new joint.

Stay Hydrated: Proper hydration can aid in the healing process and support overall well-being.

Emotional Support: Recovery can be challenging both physically and emotionally. If needed, seek emotional support from friends, family, or a counsellor.

Patience: Understand that full recovery can take several months, and it’s normal to have good and bad days. Be patient with yourself.

Report Issues: If you experience any unusual symptoms or have concerns about your recovery, don’t hesitate to contact your healthcare provider.

To summarize in a nutshell, caring for yourself after hip replacement surgery requires a comprehensive approach, from thorough pre-surgery preparation to diligent post-surgery care and long-term attention to your well-being. By following these care tips and working closely with your medical team, you can optimize your chances of a successful recovery and return to a more active and pain-free life.

KM NU Hospitals in Ambur, India, is a premier destination for hip replacement and care. Renowned for its world-class orthopaedic expertise, state-of-the-art facilities, and compassionate staff, it offers cutting-edge surgical techniques and comprehensive post-operative support. Patients trust KM NU Hospitals for its outstanding outcomes and improved quality of life.

References:

1.  Taking care of your new hip joint. Medline Plus.

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000171.htm.

2.  Activities after total hip replacement. Ortho Info.

https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/activities-after-hip-replacement/.

Author: Dr. Tahir Ahmed

 

 

 

The world of healthcare has gained great impetus owing to improved and advanced laboratory services. It is clear that the healthcare industry is on the verge of an enormous transformation, spurred on by the rapidly changing world of laboratory medicine. Laboratory and diagnostic medicine have seen a sudden shift in paradigm towards a more personalized and value-based model of patient care. A lot depends on the medical reports of a patient so it is important to get accurate results from a certified laboratory.

Certified full-service laboratories

Laboratory services that offer a range of tests used for human diagnostic purposes must meet quality standards that ensure accuracy, reliability, and timeliness of patient test results. The clinical labs which meet these criteria are considered certified laboratories. Full-service laboratories are diagnostic labs that offer services in 3 or more of the following areas:

• Biochemistry
• Microbiology
• Hematology
• Clinical pathology
• Blood banking
• Cytopathology
• Surgical pathology

Laboratory safety cannot be accomplished by a single set of standards or methods. All certified laboratories impart special training and equipment to their staff so that they can be relatively safe while handling extremely dangerous pathogens and materials.

Importance of 24*7 laboratory services

Correct and accurate diagnosis of patients is vital in saving lives.

While some illnesses may not be life-threatening, certain diseases such as cardiovascular disorders require prompt action by the healthcare professional. The sooner he/she receives test results for a patient, the faster they can decide on the course of treatment.

Thus, it is important to get accurate and fast test results from a certified laboratory that works round the clock to deliver timely reports.

Quality lab results reduce critical time of decision-making for the healthcare provider and also improves overall experience of a patient’s visit.

Laboratory services saving lives

Almost 70% of all medical laboratory results/data available for physicians and other healthcare professionals are provided by medical laboratory professionals.

Much of the decisions about the diagnosis and treatment plan of a patient is based on the hard work of the laboratory professionals. Although patient history, along with physical signs and symptoms are vital for making an informed patient decision, most diagnoses need confirmation of laboratory test results.

Medical lab scientists are often the first ones to spot cancer, diabetes, and other life-threatening conditions owing to their broad base of expertise and knowledge. From examining cells to blood and other bodily fluids, their analysis forms the foundation on the basis of which the healthcare provider makes an informed decision.

The depth of information that can be obtained from these lab results range from early disease detection and prevention to gaining insight on how to treat cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and other conditions.

Laboratory professionals play a major role in healthcare that extends to how healthcare providers read and interpret data. This is especially true in case of cross-matching blood transfusions wherein detailed analysis of test results provides the groundwork for carrying out such critical procedures.

A mismatch in blood groups can result in agglutination and subsequently, even lead to death of the patient. The instrumental role that medical laboratories played during COVID-19 cannot be negated.

The medical lab scientists were on the frontlines, who toiled day and night to ensure that testing was done quickly and accurately. Several lives were impacted as the tests that gave positive results were isolated from the rest of the community, restricting further spread of the corona virus. Thus, laboratory work is absolutely critical because millions of lives are resting on it.

As with any other scientific practice, laboratory science is an ever-evolving field. A lot needs to be imbibed by the lab scientists as more sophisticated instruments are added to ensure faster and timely disease diagnosis.

Embracing change quickly will keep the laboratories in sync with the changing times and advanced technologies, thereby, improving diagnostic testing and shaping positive patient outcomes.

At KM NU Hospitals, the most specialized emergency and trauma care facilities are available. It is the ideal emergency medicine multispecialty hospital located in Ambur. To meet the growing patient demands and medical needs, this hospital is equipped with the latest medical equipment and technology to face even a dire emergency case. If you or a loved one is facing a medical emergency, come and visit KM NU Hospitals to get rapid relief from your situation.

References:

• Certified full-service laboratory. Prestige ER.
  https://prestigeer.org/services/certified-full-service-laboratory/. Accessed on 10 October 2023.
• Laboratory safety-The need for constant vigilance. Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) 24/7.
  https://www.cdc.gov/about/pdf/lab-safety/15_253632-j_solker_24-7cdc_lab_safety20215d-final.pdf. Accessed on 10 October 2023.
• Medical Lab Scientists: The ‘Hidden Profession’ That Saves Lives. University of West Florida.
  https://onlinedegrees.uwf.edu/articles/how-medical-lab-science-impacts-our-lives/ Accessed on 10 October 2023.
• Medical laboratory professionals save lives every day, but do you know who we are? InfectionControl.tips.
  https://infectioncontrol.tips/2016/04/20/medical-laboratory-professionals/. Accessed on 10 October 2023.
• The laboratory save lives every day. Lab testing matters.
  https://www.labtestingmatters.org/lab-impact-stories/the-laboratory-saves-lives-every-day/. Accessed on 10 October 2023.

Author: Dr. Neelima Chamarthy

Minimally invasive knee replacement is an orthopedic surgical procedure that is similar to the traditional knee replacement but involves less cutting of the tissue surrounding the knee.

Knee replacement or knee arthroplasty is performed to replace the worn out or damaged surfaces of the knee. Instead an implant or “prosthesis” is introduced to alleviate pain and increase mobility of the knee joint.

Here, we discuss in detail about the procedure, the likely candidates for this procedure, and the associated risks and benefits.

What is minimally invasive knee replacement?

The knee is made up of several parts–femur or the lower end of the thigh bone, tibia or the upper end of the shin bone, and the patella or knee cap.

Cartilage caps, present at the ends of these bones, keep the bones from grinding together. In case of damage to the knee joint, these bones may abnormally scrape together and cause pain.

During minimally invasive knee replacement, a cut is made to access the shinbone and thighbone. Next, a portion of the bones that make up the knee joint is removed. Instead, metal components that recreate the joint surface are inserted. For smooth gliding of these metal parts, a layer of plastic is placed in between the metal components. The entire procedure is carried out under general or spinal anesthesia.

Reasons for minimally invasive knee replacement

If you are into sports, a significant damage can be caused to your knee joint. Other medical conditions can also lead to damage of this joint, including osteoarthritis (most common), rheumatoid arthritis, osteonecrosis, bone tumor in the knee joint, and injury or fracture to the knee joint.

If conventional treatment methods such as pain medicines and corticosteroid injections have failed, you may need to opt for a minimally invasive knee replacement.

Risks vs benefits

The benefits of minimally invasive knee replacement include less pain and blood loss, faster recovery post-surgery, shorter stay in hospital, and more rapid return to normal activities.

As with any procedure, there are certain drawbacks or risks associated with minimally invasive knee replacement too.

Following the surgery, your Possible complications that are known to occur are infection, excess bleeding, blood clots, injury to nearby nerves, limited range of knee motion due to stiffness, loosening of the knee components, and need for a revision knee surgery in the future.

Eligibility criteria

Not everyone can undergo a minimally invasive knee replacement surgery. A person is eligible to undergo this surgery if he/she meets the following criteria:

• Age: Should be less than 65 years of age.
• Body type: Only thin individuals who are not obese or extra muscular are ideal candidates for this surgery. The reason for the exclusion of obese and extra muscular people is that this body type would require a longer incision.
• Structural deformity: If a person suffers from joint and bone deformities such as bow legs, knock knees, and osteoporosis, they are not suitable to undergo a minimally invasive knee replacement surgery.
• Overall health: You should enjoy good, overall health in order to undergo this surgery.

During the surgery

• General or spinal anesthesia is administered to reduce any pain or discomfort during the procedure.
• Vitals such as blood pressure and heart rate are checked by the healthcare professional before the surgery begins.
• Antibiotics may be given during and after the procedure to reduce the chances of acquiring infections.
• An incision is made over the middle of the knee, cutting through the skin and underlying tissue.
• After removal of the damaged portions of the thigh and shin bone, metal implants are placed into the joint space, cementing them into the remaining bone.
• A plastic spacer is introduced into the space between the metal implants.
• Finally, the layers of skin and muscle will be surgically closed.

Post-surgery care

After the surgery, one may experience pain for which your healthcare provider will prescribe medicines. An imaging test such as an X-ray may be carried out to see the results of the surgery.

Following the surgery, your movements may be restricted and you may be asked to use a cane, walker, or crutches for a few days so that undue weight does not fall on your legs.

You may notice some fluid draining out from the site of incision, which is normal. Any increase in redness, inflammation, or draining of fluid should be brought to the notice of your healthcare professional. Keeping your follow-up appointments is important while you are in the recovering stage.

After a week or so, the stitches or staples can be removed, after which a physical therapist can help you maintain your range of motion and strength. Often, a revision surgery may be needed at some point in the future.

KM NU Hospitals is an orthopedic multispecialty hospital situated in Ambur. This hospital is the first of its kind that specializes in knee pain treatment, especially knee replacement surgeries. To avail the best orthopedic treatment in Ambur, come and get expert consultation from the experts at KM NU Hospitals!

References:

• Are you a candidate for minimally invasive knee replacement? Bone & Joint Care Center.
  https://boneandjointcare.co.in/are-you-a-candidate-for-minimally-invasive-knee-replacement/. Accessed on 9 October 2023.
• Minimally Invasive Total Knee Replacement. Johns Hopkins Medicine.
  https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/minimally-invasive-total-knee-replacement. Accessed on 9 October 2023.
• Minimally Invasive Total Knee Replacement. OrthoInfo.
  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/minimally-invasive-total-knee-replacement/#:~:text=Minimally%20invasive%20knee%20replacement%20is,the%20knee%20is%20less%20invasive. Accessed on 9 October 2023.
• Minimally Invasive Total Knee Replacement. University of Rochester Medical Center.
  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=135&contentid=352. Accessed on 9 October 2023.

Author: Dr. Tahir Ahmed

Pregnancy is a much-awaited and joyous phase in the life of any woman. The thought of bringing another life into this world, brings a feeling of contentment and a sense of responsibility. However, the journey of a pregnant woman may not always be smooth. Among various side effects and complications that arise due to pregnancy, facing sleep problems can be a common complaint.

Feeling tired in pregnancy

During pregnancy, the body experiences and undergoes many changes, both from the physical aspect and on the emotional front. It is common for a woman to feel tired and fatigued during pregnancy, especially during the initial 12 weeks. The reason for this can be attributed to a spike in the levels of progesterone, a hormone produced by the ovaries and placenta during pregnancy. The latter stages of pregnancy can be taxing on a woman too because the growing belly can create pressure on the diaphragm and make it difficult to move around. The baby bump can make it difficult for a woman to get a good night’s sleep.

5 common sleep problems during pregnancy

• Obstructive sleep apnea: During the third trimester, high levels of estrogen can cause some women to develop rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal tissue). This often leads to snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep condition in which a person experiences snoring, gasping, and repeated lapses in breathing that bring down the quality of sleep. OSA can cause restricted oxygen flow to the uterus, leading to increased risk of complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and even cesarean section. This sleep disorder is thought to affect 1 in 5 women during pregnancy.

• Restless leg syndrome (RLS): Women who suffer from RLS, experience sensations such as crawling, itching, or tickling that causes them to have the irresistible urge to move their legs. Typically, RLS occurs in the evening, often when a person gets into bed. Those who suffer from RLS, find it difficult to fall asleep as this condition tends to be more severe when the person is at rest. RLS is said to affect one-third of women during their third trimester of pregnancy.

• Gastroesohageal reflex disorder (GERD): Commonly known as heartburn or acid reflux, this condition causes an uncomfortable, burning sensation in the esophagus, especially when lying down. GERD is a very common cause of insomnia during pregnancy, affecting one-quarter of women in the first trimester and one-half in the third trimester. If left untreated for long, GERD can cause damage to the esophagus.

• Insomnia: It is defined as continual and repeated difficulty in sleep initiation and duration in spite of having the opportunity to sleep. Insomnia is very common in pregnancy and results in some form of daytime disruption in activities. The most common reasons for sleep disturbance during pregnancy include frequent urination, heartburn, and backache or ache in hips. Other contributing factors to loss of sleep may be nausea and vomiting during the first trimester and fetal movements during the last trimester of pregnancy. Nonpregnancy-related factors that affect the quality of sleep are maternal smoking and inadequate sleep hygiene.

• Narcolepsy: This condition is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness. Women suffering from narcolepsy may exhibit hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and nocturnal sleep disruption. Symptoms of narcolepsy may be aggravated by the sleep disturbances associated with pregnancy and due to withdrawal of medicines used to treat this condition.

Management of sleep disorders during pregnancy

It is important for a pregnant woman to maintain regular sleep schedules and practice adequate sleep hygiene.

Insomnia patients should be taught relaxation techniques such as yoga.

If the pregnant woman is suffering from any underlying medical condition such as GERD, certain lifestyle modifications such as sleeping with the head end of the bed elevated and avoiding oral intake at least 2 hours before sleeping time, helps.

Those suffering from narcolepsy may have to allow time for frequent daytime naps. All caffeinated beverages and too heavy exercises close to bedtime must be avoided.

Importance of sleep during pregnancy

Having a good night’s rest during pregnancy is important for both the mother and baby. Chronic sleep loss is known to affect the immune system, making a significant impact on maternal and fetal health.

Women who do not get enough sleep during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. Poor sleep is also known to be a risk factor for preterm birth, low birth weight, painful labor, and higher incidences of cesarean section.

Although sleep disturbances are frequently reported during pregnancy, with careful treatment and following certain lifestyle modifications, one can get help in alleviating the symptoms of these sleep-associated problems. Lack of treatment may have adverse consequences on the mother and fetus.

KM NU hospitals is one of the best gynecologist multispecialty hospitals in Ambur. It has a team of dedicated and highly professional gynecologists who offer the best treatment for all your gynecology-related issues. If you or a loved one is pregnant and suffer from sleep problems, it is best to seek their help by visiting KM NU hospitals without delay!

References:

• Get a Good Night’s Sleep During Pregnancy. Johns Hopkins Medicine.
  https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/staying-healthy-during-pregnancy/get-a-good-nights-sleep-during-pregnancy. Accessed on 9 October 2023.
• Pregnancy and Sleep. Sleep Foundation.
  https://www.sleepfoundation.org/pregnancy. Accessed on 9 October 2023.
• Sleep disorders in pregnancy. Sahota, P. K., Jain, S. S., & Dhand, R. (2003). Sleep disorders in pregnancy. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine, 9(6), 477–483.
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14534398/. Accessed on 9 October 2023.
• Tiredness and sleep problems. NHS.
  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/common-symptoms/tiredness/. Accessed on 9 October 2023.

Author: Dr Gracy Sunny Kindo

A mother of a 4-year-old brought her son to KM NU Hospitals, Ambur with complaints of fever, multiple episodes of vomiting, and abdominal pain for 2 days. He also had a decreased appetite and decreased urine output.

Dr. Palani Rajan P who is a Sr. Consultant Paediatrician & Neonatologist examined this child. He found the child was febrile, drowsy, poor perfusion with a relatively slow heart rate (relative bradycardia), and epigastric tenderness.

Febrile means feverishness, which is a rise in body temperature above the normal temperature i.e. 38⁰C, usually caused by infection.

Relative bradycardia is a medical term where there is dissociation between heart rate and body temperature. It means your heart rate is slower than what is expected for your normal body temperature. Normal heart rate with increased temperature is a sign of severe disease.

Epigastric tenderness is a term used to describe pain in the upper abdominal area below the rib cage with symptoms of heartburn, bloating, and gas.

He was admitted to the Pediatric ICU and managed with IV fluids. Initial blood investigations were suggestive of Dengue with low total blood counts, and decreased platelets, and he was managed according to the WHO protocol.

His parents were informed about the possible complications along with his relatives. Upon their agreement, the hospital team was ready to get fresh platelets in case of any bleeding. His platelets dropped up to 31,000 cells/cu mm (Normal – 1.5 lacs to 4.5 lacs) at the same time the rising hematocrit was managed by timely titration of fluids.

On day 4 of the admission, the child became clinically better with no abdominal pain, no vomiting, and taking feeds well. His Platelets also improved to 1.2 lacs cells/cu mm.

He was discharged once he improved clinically and started taking feeds well.

Other than above mentioned symptoms, Dengue can also show up with other signs such as rashes, severe headache, pain behind the eyeball, etc.

Key takeaway messages:

• Bradycardia or slower heart rate is a common event in children as well. However, this does not mean that there is an underlying heart problem.
• Most cases of Dengue fever do not last longer than a week or two. However, if symptoms still appear even after the fever goes away, parents should seek medical attention from a pediatrician for their child.
• Maintain adequate fluid intake & keep them hydrated.

Becoming new parents is one thing and managing a new life is another game altogether. And with that, the baby’s safety and protection become a top priority whether the parents or family is ready for it or not.
 
Vaccines are synonymous with protection and security. It protects against microorganisms and preventable diseases. Whether you are a millennial, generation Z, or belong to the boomer generation, we all have heard vaccination slogans such as ‘Don’t hesitate, vaccinate, Prevent Birth Defect, Do Boond Zindagi ki, Stop Polio, Vaccinate’ etc.
 
Let’s discuss what parents can learn about vaccination for babies and its dos and don’ts.
 
With joy and overwhelming emotions, new parents also get loaded with additional responsibilities. Meaning the ever-increasing to-do list of a parent for their baby. Thus, many parents get a lot of questions such as these – an ideal time to get vaccinated, can the baby’s vaccination be delayed, how can I take care of the baby after vaccination, etc.
 

The ideal time to get your child vaccinated…

 

Under the Universal Immunization Programme, immunization of children starts as soon as the child is born. Vaccination against tuberculosis (BCG), polio (OPV) and Hepatitis B (Hep B vaccine) is given to a child immediately after birth. After this, specific vaccines are given at recommended ages and routes as outlined in the National Immunization Schedule.
 

Benefits of timely vaccination:

Vaccines ensure the best protection for children when they are given at the right ages, and in the required number of doses. At a certain period of life, there is a maximum incidence of a particular disease. Therefore, to prevent harm caused by the disease, vaccines are provided at that particular age.

For example, the occurrence of Polio is maximum in children below 5 years of age; hence, vaccination against polio is given in routine immunization as well as in campaigns for children below 5 years of age. Similarly, the number of doses required is determined by the level of protection required to prevent serious infections.

The National Immunization Schedule clearly mentions different vaccines, ages at which they are to be given, and doses required for ensuring full protection from vaccine-preventable diseases.

Can vaccination for kids be delayed?

 

Dr. Palani Rajan P, Sr. Consultant Paediatrician & Neonatologist explains ‘If for some reason, there is a delay in receiving a vaccine or any dose of vaccines requiring more than one dose, vaccine should be provided as early as possible.’ It is important to understand that in case of delay, there is no need to restart the entire schedule; instead, the remaining schedule should be continued as recommended and completed. 
 

Is scarring a normal reaction after BCG administration? What care should be taken in case of scarring after BCG vaccination?

Yes. Two weeks after administration of BCG vaccine, the place of injection usually becomes red and hard. It then changes to an elevation in the skin which grows to maximum size by the fourth week. This later crack, discharges pus, and gradually changes into crust (5-6 weeks), finally leaving a small scar (after 8 weeks).
 
Scarring is a normal reaction after BCG administration. Do not press or rub the injection site and do not apply anything (medicine, lotion, herbs, etc.) on the injection site. In case the child develops swelling or has a fever, you should visit the nearest health facility.                                                                                          

What should be done if a scar does not form after BCG vaccination?

There is no need to re-vaccinate the child even if there is no scar formation. There are some cases when a scar does not form after BCG vaccination, although the vaccine has developed protection against the disease.
  

Before Your Baby Gets Vaccinated:

 

Can a baby have vaccinations with a cold, cough or fever?

A sick child suffering from a mild illness (like cough, cold, or mild fever), mild diarrhoea, or vomiting can be safely vaccinated with injectable or oral vaccines. However, a child who has some serious illness or is hospitalized (like with high-grade fever, severe diarrhoea, etc.), should not be vaccinated until his or her condition improves.
 
 

Do’s and Don’ts after vaccination:

 

How long does vaccination pain last?

In the case of injectable vaccines (like Hepatitis B, pentavalent, DPT, and IPV), infants may have redness, mild pain, and swelling at the injection site. This is absolutely normal and goes away within 1-3 days. This is not related to the quality, safety, or efficacy of vaccines.
 
To provide relief to the child, put a pad of clean cloth dipped in cold water on the injection site. If advised and provided by a health worker, Paracetamol (syrup or tablets in divided doses) can be given to the child. Please take your child to the nearest health facility if the symptoms persist even after three days.
 

What causes fever after getting vaccinated? How can it be managed?

The occurrence of mild fever (specifically after Pentavalent and DPT vaccines) is a result of normal reactions that vaccines have on the body system. This fever is generally mild in nature, self-limiting, and goes away within 1-2 days. Paracetamol (syrup or tablets in divided doses) that is provided to you by the health worker can be given to the child to provide relief.
 

Can more than one vaccine be administered safely to my child at the same time? What is its benefit?

 
Yes. More than one vaccine can be administered to your child safely at the same time. It does not cause any adverse events nor has any effect on the effectiveness of individual vaccines. Administering more than one vaccine as per schedule to a child during the same immunization session reduces the number of your visits and avoids extra travel and time to get your child vaccinated.
 

Since India is declared polio-free, why vaccination against polio is given to children in routine immunization as well as during pulse polio campaigns?

 
Even though India has been declared polio-free, polio infection is still present in some countries. There is a constant risk of an infected person traveling into India and spreading polio infection. Therefore, it is important to vaccinate children and keep their protection level high till polio virus is finished from the world.
 

Precautions After Vaccinations:

You must wait for half an hour at the session site after vaccination to ensure immediate care and response in case there is any minor adverse event.
· Continue breastfeeding or complementary feeding after vaccination, even after oral vaccines.
·  You must ensure that no medicine or herb is applied to the injection site.
 
Thus, vaccination helps to prevent the spread of infections to other people, especially those who are vulnerable or have weak immune systems. And it is vital that parents understand its importance and benefits.

Hence, the need of the situation is to ask your paediatrician or children’s doctor for more information on health practices, vaccines, diseases including COVID-19 and other life-threatening diseases. It is of utmost critical to not simply rely on messages forwarded or shared on WhatsApp, negative news shared on social media platforms, digital or print media.

Since we live in a technologically advanced era, information and news are flooded from all areas and it is our duty to discern factual data from fake ones.  
 

Conclusion:

Vaccination is a safe and effective way to protect your child from many serious diseases that can cause severe complications or even death. By vaccinating your baby, you are not only giving them the best chance to grow up healthy and strong, but also contributing to the well-being of your community and the world.

If you have any questions or concerns about vaccination, please consult your Paediatrician & Neonatologist. They can give you more information and advice on the benefits and risks of vaccination, as well as the recommended schedule and doses for your baby. 

Poison ingestion through animal bites like snakes either accidentally or intentionally gives nightmares with open eyes. Every creeping panic attack in the nerves is directly proportional to the fear we unfortunately imagine. 

And the mind’s first loud question is what to do after being poisoned. 

While inducing vomiting seems to be the most logical remedy for poison cases, it is advisable that the management of poisoning be done under a medical professional’s supervision. This is because for an emergency doctor to act, knowing the medical history of the poisoned patient and the physical examination are of prime importance. Further, the source of poison and its various symptoms help in diagnosis.

As we uncover the escaping threat of poison ingestion, let’s also discuss the causes, signs and symptoms, and preventive tips for poison treatment

Why Poisoning Is An Emergency?

 

Poisoning is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. It can enter our body through swallowing, inhaling, injecting, or absorbing a harmful substance. Poisoning does not have an age bar.  

In India, a trend of poisoning, although not exact but comprehensively represented as below: 

• Household agents (44.1%)
• Drugs (18.8%)
• Agricultural pesticides (12.8%)
• Industrial chemicals (8.9%),
• Animals’ bites and stings (4.7%)
• Miscellaneous groups (5.6%)
• Plants (1.7%)
• Unknown (2.9%)

Causes of Poisoning: 

It is important to scrutinize to have little more than a basic awareness of our surroundings that goes way beyond keeping us safe. 

This includes our house, nearby parks, workplace, environment, etc. to ensure that not just our children, but adults are also safe from animal (snake, dog, etc.) bites and harmful chemicals. 

Children and pets must be kept away from-  

• household chemicals such as nail polish remover, mosquito repellants, paints thinner

• poisonous plants, 

• drugs, and 

• alcohol

Be alert of warning levels of chemicals and ingredients written on the labels when buying products and always read it. 

As a rule of thumb, do not touch or taste any product if unsure. It is always advisable to follow the instructions before using any product. 

Signs and symptoms of poisoning:

Poisoning can cause various symptoms and vary depending on the type of poison, how much poison was involved, and how the person was exposed. Some common signs and symptoms are: 

• Nausea 

• Vomiting 

• Diarrhea 

• Abdominal pain  

• Drowsiness 

• High temperature

• Chills (shivering)

• Confusion 

• Seizures 

• Difficulty in breathing 

• Irregular heartbeat, and 

• Loss of consciousness

If you notice any of these signs or symptoms in yourself or someone else, do not wait for them to get worse. Seek medical attention immediately. 

Preventive care for poison ingestion:

Preventive care for poison ingestion goes beyond the common measures. It demands us to think and approach such situations with high alertness. Let’s see some of the precautionary tips that are not a substitute for medical help or even precise medical advice. 

If you or someone you know has been exposed to a poison, it is important to act quickly and seek medical help. Enlisting some tips on how to prevent and treat poisoning in individuals or what to do after someone is poisoned: 

1. Remove any remaining poison from the mouth or skin or in their vicinity.

2. Call your local emergency hospital number or poison control center for advice.

3. Follow the instructions given by the emergency operator or poison control center.

Treatment for Poison Care:

Once you reach the hospital, the emergency doctors will conduct further tests and examinations to evaluate the diagnosis and determine the best course of treatment. The treatment may vary depending on the type and severity of poisoning, but it may involve:

• Giving activated charcoal to bind with the poison and prevent its absorption for a certain level of poisoning within 1 Hour.

• Performing gastric lavage to wash out the stomach contents.

• Administering antidotes to counteract the effects of specific poisons.

• Providing supportive care such as oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and medications.

Poisoning is a preventable and treatable condition if handled properly. If you have any specific questions about poison care, do leave a comment below. 

Breast milk is the natural food for newborn babies which fulfills the nutritional requirements of the infant.

Breastfeeding is beneficial for both the mother and the child. Breast milk can help protect babies against short and long-term illness.

The baby gets antibodies from the breast milk which fortifies the immune system of the child. As opposed to formula, a mother can breastfeed her child anytime and anywhere.

The act of breastfeeding protects the mother from the risk of developing breast cancer, ovarian cancer, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure. 

Low breast milk supply

Breast milk supply is considered to be low if you are unable to produce enough milk to meet your baby’s normal growth and development needs. This is generally a temporary situation and can be overcome with appropriate breastfeeding support and management.

The more milk is removed from the breast, more will be produced and vice versa. A woman’s supply of breast milk can be low if she faces medical problems such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), pre-diabetes and diabetes, hypothyroidism, or if she is on blood pressure medications or oral contraceptives. 

Tips to increase breast milk supply

In case of low breast milk, taking the following measures can help increase the supply:

• Position yourself comfortably during breastfeeding so that your baby is attaching well and removing milk efficiently from the breast.

• Be prepared to breastfeed your baby more often; at least 8 times in 24 hours. 

• Take turns to breastfeed your baby from either breast; offer each breast twice for feeding.

• Make sure that the breasts become empty after each feed or pumping session; express after breastfeeds to ensure this.

• Ensure milk removal from your breasts is done no longer than within 5 hours. It is best done by your baby sucking at your breasts otherwise using a hand or electric pump.

• When your baby is feeding, aid milk flow by compressing your breasts. This will also encourage more effective sucking.

• Gently massage your breasts before and during each feed.

• Offer your baby extra night-time feeds or more often during the evenings. This is because prolactin levels are higher at nights so more frequent feeding at night can result in an increase in breast milk supply.

• Encourage more skin-to-skin contact with your baby because it stimulates the hormones, prolactin and oxytocin which help the body to produce and release more breast milk.

• Avoid the use of bottles and pacifiers during the initial days as introducing a pacifier just before breastfeeding can lead to a painful latch and nipple soreness for the mother. 

• Drink a lot of water as breastfeeding can make you thirsty and follow a healthy diet plan, without skipping any meals.

• Avoid smoking and alcohol consumption.

• Practice mind relaxation techniques such as yoga to reduce stress. 

• Focus on self-care; go for a relaxing back massage.

• Listen to relaxing music. This can help increase milk supply and fat content of milk.

• Take proper rest in between feeds.

Frequent stimulation of breasts by breastfeeding or pumping during the initial days and weeks following birth of the baby, is very important to ensure adequate supply of breast milk.

With time and effort, you will definitely see an improvement in the quantity of your breast milk supply.

The ideal way to ensure a healthy supply of breast milk is to start breastfeeding early and at frequent intervals, after making sure that your baby is latched on correctly.

As a last resort, when all else fails, you can consult your healthcare provider who may prescribe some medicines (galactogogues) that can increase the hormone, prolactin, which can stimulate breast milk production. 

KM NU Hospitals have the best lactation consultants who can guide you in a professional way and answer all your queries related to breastfeeding, especially if you are a first-time mother. If you are facing any issues while breastfeeding your child, consult the best lactation consultant at KM NU Hospitals. Your baby will be glad that you took this step!

References: 

1. Breastfeeding benefits both baby and mom. Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/features/breastfeeding-benefits/index.html. Accessed on 10 October 2023.

2. Breast milk supply, how to increase. Cincinnati children’s. https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/breast-milk-increase-supply. Accessed on 10 October 2023.

3. Educating breastfeeding mothers on how to boost milk supply. University Hospitals. https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/obgyn-womens-health/patient-resources/pregnancy-resources/Breastfeeding-Guide/breastfeeding-tips-to-increase-your-milk-supply. Accessed on 10 October 2023.

4. How to increase breast milk supply. Pregnancy Birth Baby. https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/increasing-your-breast-milk-supply. Accessed on 10 October 2023.

5. How to increase milk supply. Raisingchildren.net.au. https://raisingchildren.net.au/newborns/breastfeeding-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding-challenges/increase-supply. Accessed on 10 October 2023.

 

Author : Dr. Palanirajan P